[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1097},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-\u002Fjava\u002Fconditions-boucles-methodes":3,"pieces-java":1054,"autour-\u002Fjava\u002Fconditions-boucles-methodes":1079,"prerequis-\u002Fjava\u002Fconditions-boucles-methodes":1084,"plan-java":1086},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1024,"extension":1025,"ligne":71,"meta":1026,"motsCles":1027,"navigation":103,"niveau":1029,"path":1030,"prerequis":1031,"ressources":1033,"seo":1045,"sources":1046,"stem":1052,"__hash__":1053},"docs\u002Fjava\u002F03.conditions-boucles-methodes.md","Conditions, boucles et méthodes",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1013},"minimark",[9,14,42,46,66,207,210,214,296,335,341,343,352,442,460,464,473,532,535,560,563,567,572,641,648,658,668,672,678,820,823,855,868,872,878,957,960,966,970,1009],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"ce-que-tu-vas-apprendre","Ce que tu vas apprendre",[15,16,17,30,39],"ul",{},[18,19,20,21,25,26,29],"li",{},"Choisir une branche de code avec ",[22,23,24],"code",{},"if"," et ",[22,27,28],{},"switch",".",[18,31,32,33,25,36,29],{},"Répéter des instructions avec ",[22,34,35],{},"for",[22,37,38],{},"while",[18,40,41],{},"Écrire tes propres méthodes avec paramètres et valeur de retour.",[10,43,45],{"id":44},"if-et-else","if et else",[47,48,49,50,54,55,58,59,62,63,65],"p",{},"Une ",[51,52,53],"strong",{},"condition"," est une expression dont le résultat est ",[22,56,57],{},"true"," ou ",[22,60,61],{},"false",". ",[22,64,24],{}," exécute un bloc seulement si elle est vraie :",[67,68,73],"pre",{"className":69,"code":70,"language":71,"meta":72,"style":72},"language-java shiki shiki-themes github-light-default github-dark-default github-dark-default","int minutes = 45;\n\nif (minutes \u003C= 15) {\n    System.out.println(\"Rapide\");\n} else if (minutes \u003C= 60) {\n    System.out.println(\"Moyen\");\n} else {\n    System.out.println(\"Long\");\n}\n","java","",[22,74,75,98,105,122,142,163,177,187,201],{"__ignoreMap":72},[76,77,80,84,88,91,95],"span",{"class":78,"line":79},"line",1,[76,81,83],{"class":82},"sOnC1","int",[76,85,87],{"class":86},"scfrF"," minutes",[76,89,90],{"class":82}," =",[76,92,94],{"class":93},"s5iOY"," 45",[76,96,97],{"class":86},";\n",[76,99,101],{"class":78,"line":100},2,[76,102,104],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":103},true,"\n",[76,106,108,110,113,116,119],{"class":78,"line":107},3,[76,109,24],{"class":82},[76,111,112],{"class":86}," (minutes ",[76,114,115],{"class":82},"\u003C=",[76,117,118],{"class":93}," 15",[76,120,121],{"class":86},") {\n",[76,123,125,128,132,135,139],{"class":78,"line":124},4,[76,126,127],{"class":86},"    System.out.",[76,129,131],{"class":130},"syCW7","println",[76,133,134],{"class":86},"(",[76,136,138],{"class":137},"shWOn","\"Rapide\"",[76,140,141],{"class":86},");\n",[76,143,145,148,151,154,156,158,161],{"class":78,"line":144},5,[76,146,147],{"class":86},"} ",[76,149,150],{"class":82},"else",[76,152,153],{"class":82}," if",[76,155,112],{"class":86},[76,157,115],{"class":82},[76,159,160],{"class":93}," 60",[76,162,121],{"class":86},[76,164,166,168,170,172,175],{"class":78,"line":165},6,[76,167,127],{"class":86},[76,169,131],{"class":130},[76,171,134],{"class":86},[76,173,174],{"class":137},"\"Moyen\"",[76,176,141],{"class":86},[76,178,180,182,184],{"class":78,"line":179},7,[76,181,147],{"class":86},[76,183,150],{"class":82},[76,185,186],{"class":86}," {\n",[76,188,190,192,194,196,199],{"class":78,"line":189},8,[76,191,127],{"class":86},[76,193,131],{"class":130},[76,195,134],{"class":86},[76,197,198],{"class":137},"\"Long\"",[76,200,141],{"class":86},[76,202,204],{"class":78,"line":203},9,[76,205,206],{"class":86},"}\n",[47,208,209],{},"Java teste les conditions de haut en bas et s'arrête à la première vraie. Les parenthèses autour de la condition sont obligatoires.",[10,211,213],{"id":212},"les-opérateurs-de-comparaison","Les opérateurs de comparaison",[215,216,217,230],"table",{},[218,219,220],"thead",{},[221,222,223,227],"tr",{},[224,225,226],"th",{},"Opérateur",[224,228,229],{},"Sens",[231,232,233,247,266,276,286],"tbody",{},[221,234,235,244],{},[236,237,238,25,241],"td",{},[22,239,240],{},"==",[22,242,243],{},"!=",[236,245,246],{},"égal, différent",[221,248,249,263],{},[236,250,251,254,255,254,257,254,260],{},[22,252,253],{},"\u003C",", ",[22,256,115],{},[22,258,259],{},">",[22,261,262],{},">=",[236,264,265],{},"comparaisons d'ordre",[221,267,268,273],{},[236,269,270],{},[22,271,272],{},"&&",[236,274,275],{},"et",[221,277,278,283],{},[236,279,280],{},[22,281,282],{},"||",[236,284,285],{},"ou",[221,287,288,293],{},[236,289,290],{},[22,291,292],{},"!",[236,294,295],{},"non",[67,297,299],{"className":69,"code":298,"language":71,"meta":72,"style":72},"if (minutes \u003C= 30 && vegetarien) {\n    System.out.println(\"Parfait pour ce soir\");\n}\n",[22,300,301,318,331],{"__ignoreMap":72},[76,302,303,305,307,309,312,315],{"class":78,"line":79},[76,304,24],{"class":82},[76,306,112],{"class":86},[76,308,115],{"class":82},[76,310,311],{"class":93}," 30",[76,313,314],{"class":82}," &&",[76,316,317],{"class":86}," vegetarien) {\n",[76,319,320,322,324,326,329],{"class":78,"line":100},[76,321,127],{"class":86},[76,323,131],{"class":130},[76,325,134],{"class":86},[76,327,328],{"class":137},"\"Parfait pour ce soir\"",[76,330,141],{"class":86},[76,332,333],{"class":78,"line":107},[76,334,206],{"class":86},[47,336,337,338,340],{},"Avec ",[22,339,272],{},", si la première partie est fausse, Java n'évalue pas la seconde.",[10,342,28],{"id":28},[47,344,345,346,348,349,351],{},"Quand une valeur doit être comparée à plusieurs cas, ",[22,347,28],{}," est plus lisible qu'une chaîne de ",[22,350,24],{},". Sa forme moderne renvoie directement une valeur :",[67,353,355],{"className":69,"code":354,"language":71,"meta":72,"style":72},"String jour = \"samedi\";\n\nString menu = switch (jour) {\n    case \"samedi\", \"dimanche\" -> \"Brunch\";\n    case \"vendredi\" -> \"Poisson\";\n    default -> \"Plat du jour\";\n};\n",[22,356,357,372,376,391,411,425,437],{"__ignoreMap":72},[76,358,359,362,365,367,370],{"class":78,"line":79},[76,360,361],{"class":86},"String",[76,363,364],{"class":86}," jour",[76,366,90],{"class":82},[76,368,369],{"class":137}," \"samedi\"",[76,371,97],{"class":86},[76,373,374],{"class":78,"line":100},[76,375,104],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":103},[76,377,378,380,383,385,388],{"class":78,"line":107},[76,379,361],{"class":86},[76,381,382],{"class":86}," menu",[76,384,90],{"class":82},[76,386,387],{"class":82}," switch",[76,389,390],{"class":86}," (jour) {\n",[76,392,393,396,398,400,403,406,409],{"class":78,"line":124},[76,394,395],{"class":82},"    case",[76,397,369],{"class":137},[76,399,254],{"class":86},[76,401,402],{"class":137},"\"dimanche\"",[76,404,405],{"class":82}," ->",[76,407,408],{"class":137}," \"Brunch\"",[76,410,97],{"class":86},[76,412,413,415,418,420,423],{"class":78,"line":144},[76,414,395],{"class":82},[76,416,417],{"class":137}," \"vendredi\"",[76,419,405],{"class":82},[76,421,422],{"class":137}," \"Poisson\"",[76,424,97],{"class":86},[76,426,427,430,432,435],{"class":78,"line":165},[76,428,429],{"class":82},"    default",[76,431,405],{"class":82},[76,433,434],{"class":137}," \"Plat du jour\"",[76,436,97],{"class":86},[76,438,439],{"class":78,"line":179},[76,440,441],{"class":86},"};\n",[47,443,444,445,448,449,452,453,456,457,459],{},"Chaque ",[22,446,447],{},"case"," utilise la flèche ",[22,450,451],{},"->",". Plusieurs valeurs se séparent par une virgule. Le cas ",[22,454,455],{},"default"," couvre tout le reste, ce qui est obligatoire quand ",[22,458,28],{}," produit une valeur.",[10,461,463],{"id":462},"la-boucle-for","La boucle for",[47,465,49,466,469,470,472],{},[51,467,468],{},"boucle"," répète un bloc de code. ",[22,471,35],{}," convient quand on connaît le nombre de tours :",[67,474,476],{"className":69,"code":475,"language":71,"meta":72,"style":72},"for (int i = 1; i \u003C= 3; i++) {\n    System.out.println(\"Étape \" + i);\n}\n",[22,477,478,511,528],{"__ignoreMap":72},[76,479,480,482,485,487,490,492,495,498,500,503,506,509],{"class":78,"line":79},[76,481,35],{"class":82},[76,483,484],{"class":86}," (",[76,486,83],{"class":82},[76,488,489],{"class":86}," i",[76,491,90],{"class":82},[76,493,494],{"class":93}," 1",[76,496,497],{"class":86},"; i ",[76,499,115],{"class":82},[76,501,502],{"class":93}," 3",[76,504,505],{"class":86},"; i",[76,507,508],{"class":82},"++",[76,510,121],{"class":86},[76,512,513,515,517,519,522,525],{"class":78,"line":100},[76,514,127],{"class":86},[76,516,131],{"class":130},[76,518,134],{"class":86},[76,520,521],{"class":137},"\"Étape \"",[76,523,524],{"class":82}," +",[76,526,527],{"class":86}," i);\n",[76,529,530],{"class":78,"line":107},[76,531,206],{"class":86},[47,533,534],{},"Entre les parenthèses, trois parties séparées par des points-virgules :",[536,537,538,544,550],"ol",{},[18,539,540,543],{},[22,541,542],{},"int i = 1"," : l'initialisation, exécutée une fois.",[18,545,546,549],{},[22,547,548],{},"i \u003C= 3"," : la condition, testée avant chaque tour.",[18,551,552,555,556,559],{},[22,553,554],{},"i++"," : la mise à jour après chaque tour, ici ",[22,557,558],{},"i"," augmente de 1.",[47,561,562],{},"Le résultat affiche « Étape 1 », « Étape 2 » puis « Étape 3 ».",[10,564,566],{"id":565},"while-et-do-while","while et do-while",[47,568,569,571],{},[22,570,38],{}," répète tant que la condition reste vraie. C'est utile quand on ne sait pas à l'avance combien de tours seront nécessaires :",[67,573,575],{"className":69,"code":574,"language":71,"meta":72,"style":72},"int portions = 1;\nwhile (portions \u003C 10) {\n    portions = portions * 2;\n}\nSystem.out.println(portions); \u002F\u002F 16\n",[22,576,577,590,604,623,627],{"__ignoreMap":72},[76,578,579,581,584,586,588],{"class":78,"line":79},[76,580,83],{"class":82},[76,582,583],{"class":86}," portions",[76,585,90],{"class":82},[76,587,494],{"class":93},[76,589,97],{"class":86},[76,591,592,594,597,599,602],{"class":78,"line":100},[76,593,38],{"class":82},[76,595,596],{"class":86}," (portions ",[76,598,253],{"class":82},[76,600,601],{"class":93}," 10",[76,603,121],{"class":86},[76,605,606,609,612,615,618,621],{"class":78,"line":107},[76,607,608],{"class":86},"    portions ",[76,610,611],{"class":82},"=",[76,613,614],{"class":86}," portions ",[76,616,617],{"class":82},"*",[76,619,620],{"class":93}," 2",[76,622,97],{"class":86},[76,624,625],{"class":78,"line":124},[76,626,206],{"class":86},[76,628,629,632,634,637],{"class":78,"line":144},[76,630,631],{"class":86},"System.out.",[76,633,131],{"class":130},[76,635,636],{"class":86},"(portions); ",[76,638,640],{"class":639},"sd6ml","\u002F\u002F 16\n",[47,642,643,644,647],{},"Si la condition est fausse dès le départ, le bloc ne s'exécute jamais. ",[22,645,646],{},"do { ... } while (condition);"," fait l'inverse : il s'exécute au moins une fois.",[649,650,651],"warning",{},[47,652,653,654,657],{},"Une boucle dont la condition ne devient jamais fausse tourne sans fin. Vérifie toujours que quelque chose, dans le bloc, finit par la rendre fausse. Dans le terminal, ",[22,655,656],{},"Ctrl+C"," arrête le programme.",[47,659,660,663,664,667],{},[22,661,662],{},"break"," quitte la boucle immédiatement, ",[22,665,666],{},"continue"," passe au tour suivant.",[10,669,671],{"id":670},"écrire-une-méthode","Écrire une méthode",[47,673,49,674,677],{},[51,675,676],{},"méthode"," est un bloc de code nommé, que l'on peut appeler autant de fois que nécessaire. Elle évite de recopier le même code.",[67,679,682],{"className":69,"code":680,"filename":681,"language":71,"meta":72,"style":72},"public class Cuisine {\n    static double prixParPortion(double prixTotal, int portions) {\n        return prixTotal \u002F portions;\n    }\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        double prix = prixParPortion(12.0, 4);\n        System.out.println(prix); \u002F\u002F 3.0\n    }\n}\n","Cuisine.java",[22,683,684,698,725,739,744,748,774,798,811,815],{"__ignoreMap":72},[76,685,686,689,692,696],{"class":78,"line":79},[76,687,688],{"class":82},"public",[76,690,691],{"class":82}," class",[76,693,695],{"class":694},"sIXEE"," Cuisine",[76,697,186],{"class":86},[76,699,700,703,706,709,711,714,717,719,721,723],{"class":78,"line":100},[76,701,702],{"class":82},"    static",[76,704,705],{"class":82}," double",[76,707,708],{"class":130}," prixParPortion",[76,710,134],{"class":86},[76,712,713],{"class":82},"double",[76,715,716],{"class":694}," prixTotal",[76,718,254],{"class":86},[76,720,83],{"class":82},[76,722,583],{"class":694},[76,724,121],{"class":86},[76,726,727,730,733,736],{"class":78,"line":107},[76,728,729],{"class":82},"        return",[76,731,732],{"class":86}," prixTotal ",[76,734,735],{"class":82},"\u002F",[76,737,738],{"class":86}," portions;\n",[76,740,741],{"class":78,"line":124},[76,742,743],{"class":86},"    }\n",[76,745,746],{"class":78,"line":144},[76,747,104],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":103},[76,749,750,753,756,759,762,764,766,769,772],{"class":78,"line":165},[76,751,752],{"class":82},"    public",[76,754,755],{"class":82}," static",[76,757,758],{"class":82}," void",[76,760,761],{"class":130}," main",[76,763,134],{"class":86},[76,765,361],{"class":82},[76,767,768],{"class":86},"[] ",[76,770,771],{"class":694},"args",[76,773,121],{"class":86},[76,775,776,779,782,784,786,788,791,793,796],{"class":78,"line":179},[76,777,778],{"class":82},"        double",[76,780,781],{"class":86}," prix",[76,783,90],{"class":82},[76,785,708],{"class":130},[76,787,134],{"class":86},[76,789,790],{"class":93},"12.0",[76,792,254],{"class":86},[76,794,795],{"class":93},"4",[76,797,141],{"class":86},[76,799,800,803,805,808],{"class":78,"line":189},[76,801,802],{"class":86},"        System.out.",[76,804,131],{"class":130},[76,806,807],{"class":86},"(prix); ",[76,809,810],{"class":639},"\u002F\u002F 3.0\n",[76,812,813],{"class":78,"line":203},[76,814,743],{"class":86},[76,816,818],{"class":78,"line":817},10,[76,819,206],{"class":86},[47,821,822],{},"Lis la première ligne de gauche à droite :",[15,824,825,831,836,845],{},[18,826,827,830],{},[22,828,829],{},"static"," : la méthode appartient à la classe, on peut l'appeler sans créer d'objet (nous y reviendrons).",[18,832,833,835],{},[22,834,713],{}," : le type de la valeur renvoyée.",[18,837,838,841,842,29],{},[22,839,840],{},"prixParPortion"," : le nom, en ",[22,843,844],{},"camelCase",[18,846,847,850,851,854],{},[22,848,849],{},"(double prixTotal, int portions)"," : les ",[51,852,853],{},"paramètres",", c'est-à-dire les valeurs reçues.",[47,856,857,860,861,864,865,29],{},[22,858,859],{},"return"," renvoie le résultat et termine la méthode. Quand la méthode ne renvoie rien, le type est ",[22,862,863],{},"void",", comme pour ",[22,866,867],{},"main",[10,869,871],{"id":870},"surcharger-une-méthode","Surcharger une méthode",[47,873,874,875,29],{},"Java accepte plusieurs méthodes de même nom si leurs paramètres diffèrent. C'est la ",[51,876,877],{},"surcharge",[67,879,881],{"className":69,"code":880,"language":71,"meta":72,"style":72},"static String titre(String nom) {\n    return nom;\n}\n\nstatic String titre(String nom, int minutes) {\n    return nom + \" (\" + minutes + \" min)\";\n}\n",[22,882,883,896,904,908,912,928,953],{"__ignoreMap":72},[76,884,885,887,890,893],{"class":78,"line":79},[76,886,829],{"class":82},[76,888,889],{"class":86}," String ",[76,891,892],{"class":130},"titre",[76,894,895],{"class":86},"(String nom) {\n",[76,897,898,901],{"class":78,"line":100},[76,899,900],{"class":82},"    return",[76,902,903],{"class":86}," nom;\n",[76,905,906],{"class":78,"line":107},[76,907,206],{"class":86},[76,909,910],{"class":78,"line":124},[76,911,104],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":103},[76,913,914,916,918,920,923,925],{"class":78,"line":144},[76,915,829],{"class":82},[76,917,889],{"class":86},[76,919,892],{"class":130},[76,921,922],{"class":86},"(String nom, ",[76,924,83],{"class":82},[76,926,927],{"class":86}," minutes) {\n",[76,929,930,932,935,938,941,943,946,948,951],{"class":78,"line":165},[76,931,900],{"class":82},[76,933,934],{"class":86}," nom ",[76,936,937],{"class":82},"+",[76,939,940],{"class":137}," \" (\"",[76,942,524],{"class":82},[76,944,945],{"class":86}," minutes ",[76,947,937],{"class":82},[76,949,950],{"class":137}," \" min)\"",[76,952,97],{"class":86},[76,954,955],{"class":78,"line":179},[76,956,206],{"class":86},[47,958,959],{},"Le compilateur choisit la bonne version d'après les arguments fournis.",[961,962,963],"tip",{},[47,964,965],{},"Une méthode doit faire une seule chose et porter un nom qui la décrit. 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