[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1131},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-\u002Fphp\u002Ftypes-et-chaines":3,"pieces-php":1088,"autour-\u002Fphp\u002Ftypes-et-chaines":1113,"prerequis-\u002Fphp\u002Ftypes-et-chaines":1118,"plan-php":1120},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1059,"extension":1060,"ligne":61,"meta":1061,"motsCles":1062,"navigation":473,"niveau":1065,"path":1066,"prerequis":1067,"ressources":1069,"seo":1078,"sources":1079,"stem":1086,"__hash__":1087},"docs\u002Fphp\u002F02.types-et-chaines.md","Types, chaînes et conditions",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1048},"minimark",[9,14,43,47,56,166,267,274,305,309,316,372,375,382,437,441,447,544,557,576,580,583,667,677,681,687,789,795,799,807,909,921,925,934,972,975,985,989,1044],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"ce-que-tu-vas-apprendre","Ce que tu vas apprendre",[15,16,17,26,29],"ul",{},[18,19,20,21,25],"li",{},"Reconnaître les types de base : texte, nombres, booléens et ",[22,23,24],"code",{},"null",".",[18,27,28],{},"Assembler et transformer des chaînes de caractères.",[18,30,31,32,35,36,39,40,25],{},"Choisir entre deux chemins avec ",[22,33,34],{},"if",", ",[22,37,38],{},"else"," et ",[22,41,42],{},"match",[10,44,46],{"id":45},"les-types-de-base","Les types de base",[48,49,50,51,55],"p",{},"Chaque valeur a un ",[52,53,54],"strong",{},"type",", qui dit de quelle nature elle est. Voici les quatre que tu croiseras tout de suite.",[57,58,63],"pre",{"className":59,"code":60,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"language-php shiki shiki-themes github-light-default github-dark-default github-dark-default","\u003C?php\n$titre = \"Gratin dauphinois\"; \u002F\u002F string : du texte\n$duree = 75;                  \u002F\u002F int : un entier\n$note = 4.5;                  \u002F\u002F float : un nombre à virgule\n$vegetarien = true;           \u002F\u002F bool : vrai ou faux\n$photo = null;                \u002F\u002F null : aucune valeur\n","php","",[22,64,65,78,99,116,132,149],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,67,70,74],"span",{"class":68,"line":69},"line",1,[66,71,73],{"class":72},"sOnC1","\u003C?",[66,75,77],{"class":76},"s5iOY","php\n",[66,79,81,85,88,92,95],{"class":68,"line":80},2,[66,82,84],{"class":83},"scfrF","$titre ",[66,86,87],{"class":72},"=",[66,89,91],{"class":90},"shWOn"," \"Gratin dauphinois\"",[66,93,94],{"class":83},"; ",[66,96,98],{"class":97},"sd6ml","\u002F\u002F string : du texte\n",[66,100,102,105,107,110,113],{"class":68,"line":101},3,[66,103,104],{"class":83},"$duree ",[66,106,87],{"class":72},[66,108,109],{"class":76}," 75",[66,111,112],{"class":83},";                  ",[66,114,115],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F int : un entier\n",[66,117,119,122,124,127,129],{"class":68,"line":118},4,[66,120,121],{"class":83},"$note ",[66,123,87],{"class":72},[66,125,126],{"class":76}," 4.5",[66,128,112],{"class":83},[66,130,131],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F float : un nombre à virgule\n",[66,133,135,138,140,143,146],{"class":68,"line":134},5,[66,136,137],{"class":83},"$vegetarien ",[66,139,87],{"class":72},[66,141,142],{"class":76}," true",[66,144,145],{"class":83},";           ",[66,147,148],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F bool : vrai ou faux\n",[66,150,152,155,157,160,163],{"class":68,"line":151},6,[66,153,154],{"class":83},"$photo ",[66,156,87],{"class":72},[66,158,159],{"class":76}," null",[66,161,162],{"class":83},";                ",[66,164,165],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F null : aucune valeur\n",[167,168,169,185],"table",{},[170,171,172],"thead",{},[173,174,175,179,182],"tr",{},[176,177,178],"th",{},"Type",[176,180,181],{},"Contenu",[176,183,184],{},"Exemple",[186,187,188,204,219,234,254],"tbody",{},[173,189,190,196,199],{},[191,192,193],"td",{},[22,194,195],{},"string",[191,197,198],{},"du texte",[191,200,201],{},[22,202,203],{},"\"Tarte\"",[173,205,206,211,214],{},[191,207,208],{},[22,209,210],{},"int",[191,212,213],{},"un nombre entier",[191,215,216],{},[22,217,218],{},"45",[173,220,221,226,229],{},[191,222,223],{},[22,224,225],{},"float",[191,227,228],{},"un nombre à virgule (point, pas virgule)",[191,230,231],{},[22,232,233],{},"4.5",[173,235,236,241,250],{},[191,237,238],{},[22,239,240],{},"bool",[191,242,243,246,247],{},[22,244,245],{},"true"," ou ",[22,248,249],{},"false",[191,251,252],{},[22,253,245],{},[173,255,256,260,263],{},[191,257,258],{},[22,259,24],{},[191,261,262],{},"l'absence de valeur",[191,264,265],{},[22,266,24],{},[48,268,269,270,273],{},"PHP devine le type tout seul à partir de la valeur. Pour le connaître, utilise ",[22,271,272],{},"var_dump",", qui affiche le type et le contenu :",[57,275,277],{"className":59,"code":276,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003C?php\nvar_dump($duree); \u002F\u002F int(75)\nvar_dump($note);  \u002F\u002F float(4.5)\n",[22,278,279,285,295],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,280,281,283],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,282,73],{"class":72},[66,284,77],{"class":76},[66,286,287,289,292],{"class":68,"line":80},[66,288,272],{"class":76},[66,290,291],{"class":83},"($duree); ",[66,293,294],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F int(75)\n",[66,296,297,299,302],{"class":68,"line":101},[66,298,272],{"class":76},[66,300,301],{"class":83},"($note);  ",[66,303,304],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F float(4.5)\n",[10,306,308],{"id":307},"les-chaînes-de-caractères","Les chaînes de caractères",[48,310,311,312,315],{},"Une ",[52,313,314],{},"chaîne"," est un morceau de texte entre guillemets. Les guillemets simples et doubles ne se comportent pas pareil.",[57,317,319],{"className":59,"code":318,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003C?php\n$nom = \"Léa\";\necho \"Bonjour $nom\";   \u002F\u002F Bonjour Léa\necho 'Bonjour $nom';   \u002F\u002F Bonjour $nom\n",[22,320,321,327,340,360],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,322,323,325],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,324,73],{"class":72},[66,326,77],{"class":76},[66,328,329,332,334,337],{"class":68,"line":80},[66,330,331],{"class":83},"$nom ",[66,333,87],{"class":72},[66,335,336],{"class":90}," \"Léa\"",[66,338,339],{"class":83},";\n",[66,341,342,345,348,351,354,357],{"class":68,"line":101},[66,343,344],{"class":76},"echo",[66,346,347],{"class":90}," \"Bonjour ",[66,349,350],{"class":83},"$nom",[66,352,353],{"class":90},"\"",[66,355,356],{"class":83},";   ",[66,358,359],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F Bonjour Léa\n",[66,361,362,364,367,369],{"class":68,"line":118},[66,363,344],{"class":76},[66,365,366],{"class":90}," 'Bonjour $nom'",[66,368,356],{"class":83},[66,370,371],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F Bonjour $nom\n",[48,373,374],{},"Entre guillemets doubles, PHP remplace les variables. Entre guillemets simples, le texte reste tel quel.",[48,376,377,378,381],{},"Pour coller deux textes, on utilise le point, appelé ",[52,379,380],{},"concaténation"," :",[57,383,385],{"className":59,"code":384,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003C?php\n$prenom = \"Léa\";\n$message = \"Bonjour \" . $prenom . \" !\";\necho $message; \u002F\u002F Bonjour Léa !\n",[22,386,387,393,404,427],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,388,389,391],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,390,73],{"class":72},[66,392,77],{"class":76},[66,394,395,398,400,402],{"class":68,"line":80},[66,396,397],{"class":83},"$prenom ",[66,399,87],{"class":72},[66,401,336],{"class":90},[66,403,339],{"class":83},[66,405,406,409,411,414,417,420,422,425],{"class":68,"line":101},[66,407,408],{"class":83},"$message ",[66,410,87],{"class":72},[66,412,413],{"class":90}," \"Bonjour \"",[66,415,416],{"class":72}," .",[66,418,419],{"class":83}," $prenom ",[66,421,25],{"class":72},[66,423,424],{"class":90}," \" !\"",[66,426,339],{"class":83},[66,428,429,431,434],{"class":68,"line":118},[66,430,344],{"class":76},[66,432,433],{"class":83}," $message; ",[66,435,436],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F Bonjour Léa !\n",[10,438,440],{"id":439},"quelques-fonctions-sur-les-chaînes","Quelques fonctions sur les chaînes",[48,442,311,443,446],{},[52,444,445],{},"fonction"," est une action déjà écrite que tu appelles par son nom, avec des valeurs entre parenthèses.",[57,448,450],{"className":59,"code":449,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003C?php\n$titre = \"Tarte aux pommes\";\n\necho strlen($titre);                  \u002F\u002F 16 : le nombre de caractères\necho strtoupper($titre);              \u002F\u002F TARTE AUX POMMES\necho str_replace(\"pommes\", \"poires\", $titre); \u002F\u002F Tarte aux poires\necho str_contains($titre, \"pommes\");  \u002F\u002F 1 (vrai)\n",[22,451,452,458,469,475,488,501,525],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,453,454,456],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,455,73],{"class":72},[66,457,77],{"class":76},[66,459,460,462,464,467],{"class":68,"line":80},[66,461,84],{"class":83},[66,463,87],{"class":72},[66,465,466],{"class":90}," \"Tarte aux pommes\"",[66,468,339],{"class":83},[66,470,471],{"class":68,"line":101},[66,472,474],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":473},true,"\n",[66,476,477,479,482,485],{"class":68,"line":118},[66,478,344],{"class":76},[66,480,481],{"class":76}," strlen",[66,483,484],{"class":83},"($titre);                  ",[66,486,487],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F 16 : le nombre de caractères\n",[66,489,490,492,495,498],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,491,344],{"class":76},[66,493,494],{"class":76}," strtoupper",[66,496,497],{"class":83},"($titre);              ",[66,499,500],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F TARTE AUX POMMES\n",[66,502,503,505,508,511,514,516,519,522],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,504,344],{"class":76},[66,506,507],{"class":76}," str_replace",[66,509,510],{"class":83},"(",[66,512,513],{"class":90},"\"pommes\"",[66,515,35],{"class":83},[66,517,518],{"class":90},"\"poires\"",[66,520,521],{"class":83},", $titre); ",[66,523,524],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F Tarte aux poires\n",[66,526,528,530,533,536,538,541],{"class":68,"line":527},7,[66,529,344],{"class":76},[66,531,532],{"class":76}," str_contains",[66,534,535],{"class":83},"($titre, ",[66,537,513],{"class":90},[66,539,540],{"class":83},");  ",[66,542,543],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F 1 (vrai)\n",[48,545,546,547,550,551,39,554,25],{},"Attention aux accents : ",[22,548,549],{},"strlen(\"é\")"," compte des octets, pas des lettres. Pour un texte français, préfère les versions multi-octets comme ",[22,552,553],{},"mb_strlen",[22,555,556],{},"mb_strtoupper",[558,559,560],"note",{},[48,561,562,564,565,567,568,39,571,573,574,25],{},[22,563,344],{}," affiche ",[22,566,245],{}," comme ",[22,569,570],{},"1",[22,572,249],{}," comme une chaîne vide. Pour voir la vraie valeur, utilise ",[22,575,272],{},[10,577,579],{"id":578},"comparer-des-valeurs","Comparer des valeurs",[48,581,582],{},"Une comparaison produit un booléen. Les opérateurs à connaître :",[167,584,585,595],{},[170,586,587],{},[173,588,589,592],{},[176,590,591],{},"Opérateur",[176,593,594],{},"Sens",[186,596,597,607,617,637,647,657],{},[173,598,599,604],{},[191,600,601],{},[22,602,603],{},"===",[191,605,606],{},"égal, même valeur et même type",[173,608,609,614],{},[191,610,611],{},[22,612,613],{},"!==",[191,615,616],{},"différent",[173,618,619,634],{},[191,620,621,624,625,624,628,624,631],{},[22,622,623],{},"\u003C"," ",[22,626,627],{},">",[22,629,630],{},"\u003C=",[22,632,633],{},">=",[191,635,636],{},"plus petit, plus grand",[173,638,639,644],{},[191,640,641],{},[22,642,643],{},"&&",[191,645,646],{},"et",[173,648,649,654],{},[191,650,651],{},[22,652,653],{},"||",[191,655,656],{},"ou",[173,658,659,664],{},[191,660,661],{},[22,662,663],{},"!",[191,665,666],{},"non",[48,668,669,670,672,673,676],{},"Utilise ",[22,671,603],{}," plutôt que ",[22,674,675],{},"==",". La version à deux signes convertit les types avant de comparer, ce qui donne parfois des résultats surprenants.",[10,678,680],{"id":679},"choisir-avec-if","Choisir avec if",[48,682,311,683,686],{},[52,684,685],{},"condition"," exécute du code seulement si une expression est vraie.",[57,688,690],{"className":59,"code":689,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003C?php\n$duree = 75;\n\nif ($duree \u003C= 30) {\n    echo \"Recette rapide\";\n} elseif ($duree \u003C= 60) {\n    echo \"Recette moyenne\";\n} else {\n    echo \"Recette longue\";\n}\n",[22,691,692,698,708,712,727,737,754,763,773,783],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,693,694,696],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,695,73],{"class":72},[66,697,77],{"class":76},[66,699,700,702,704,706],{"class":68,"line":80},[66,701,104],{"class":83},[66,703,87],{"class":72},[66,705,109],{"class":76},[66,707,339],{"class":83},[66,709,710],{"class":68,"line":101},[66,711,474],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":473},[66,713,714,716,719,721,724],{"class":68,"line":118},[66,715,34],{"class":72},[66,717,718],{"class":83}," ($duree ",[66,720,630],{"class":72},[66,722,723],{"class":76}," 30",[66,725,726],{"class":83},") {\n",[66,728,729,732,735],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,730,731],{"class":76},"    echo",[66,733,734],{"class":90}," \"Recette rapide\"",[66,736,339],{"class":83},[66,738,739,742,745,747,749,752],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,740,741],{"class":83},"} ",[66,743,744],{"class":72},"elseif",[66,746,718],{"class":83},[66,748,630],{"class":72},[66,750,751],{"class":76}," 60",[66,753,726],{"class":83},[66,755,756,758,761],{"class":68,"line":527},[66,757,731],{"class":76},[66,759,760],{"class":90}," \"Recette moyenne\"",[66,762,339],{"class":83},[66,764,766,768,770],{"class":68,"line":765},8,[66,767,741],{"class":83},[66,769,38],{"class":72},[66,771,772],{"class":83}," {\n",[66,774,776,778,781],{"class":68,"line":775},9,[66,777,731],{"class":76},[66,779,780],{"class":90}," \"Recette longue\"",[66,782,339],{"class":83},[66,784,786],{"class":68,"line":785},10,[66,787,788],{"class":83},"}\n",[48,790,791,792,794],{},"PHP teste les conditions dans l'ordre et s'arrête à la première vraie. Le bloc ",[22,793,38],{}," couvre tous les autres cas.",[10,796,798],{"id":797},"match-un-choix-selon-une-valeur","match : un choix selon une valeur",[48,800,801,802,804,805,25],{},"Quand tu compares une même valeur à plusieurs possibilités, ",[22,803,42],{}," est plus lisible qu'une suite de ",[22,806,34],{},[57,808,810],{"className":59,"code":809,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003C?php\n$categorie = \"dessert\";\n\n$libelle = match ($categorie) {\n    \"entree\" => \"Pour commencer\",\n    \"plat\" => \"Le plat principal\",\n    \"dessert\" => \"Pour finir en douceur\",\n    default => \"Catégorie inconnue\",\n};\necho $libelle;\n",[22,811,812,818,830,834,847,861,873,885,897,902],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,813,814,816],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,815,73],{"class":72},[66,817,77],{"class":76},[66,819,820,823,825,828],{"class":68,"line":80},[66,821,822],{"class":83},"$categorie ",[66,824,87],{"class":72},[66,826,827],{"class":90}," \"dessert\"",[66,829,339],{"class":83},[66,831,832],{"class":68,"line":101},[66,833,474],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":473},[66,835,836,839,841,844],{"class":68,"line":118},[66,837,838],{"class":83},"$libelle ",[66,840,87],{"class":72},[66,842,843],{"class":72}," match",[66,845,846],{"class":83}," ($categorie) {\n",[66,848,849,852,855,858],{"class":68,"line":134},[66,850,851],{"class":90},"    \"entree\"",[66,853,854],{"class":72}," =>",[66,856,857],{"class":90}," \"Pour commencer\"",[66,859,860],{"class":83},",\n",[66,862,863,866,868,871],{"class":68,"line":151},[66,864,865],{"class":90},"    \"plat\"",[66,867,854],{"class":72},[66,869,870],{"class":90}," \"Le plat principal\"",[66,872,860],{"class":83},[66,874,875,878,880,883],{"class":68,"line":527},[66,876,877],{"class":90},"    \"dessert\"",[66,879,854],{"class":72},[66,881,882],{"class":90}," \"Pour finir en douceur\"",[66,884,860],{"class":83},[66,886,887,890,892,895],{"class":68,"line":765},[66,888,889],{"class":72},"    default",[66,891,854],{"class":72},[66,893,894],{"class":90}," \"Catégorie inconnue\"",[66,896,860],{"class":83},[66,898,899],{"class":68,"line":775},[66,900,901],{"class":83},"};\n",[66,903,904,906],{"class":68,"line":785},[66,905,344],{"class":76},[66,907,908],{"class":83}," $libelle;\n",[48,910,911,913,914,916,917,920],{},[22,912,42],{}," renvoie une valeur, compare avec ",[22,915,603],{}," et lève une erreur si aucun cas ne correspond et qu'il n'y a pas de ",[22,918,919],{},"default",". Il existe depuis PHP 8.0.",[10,922,924],{"id":923},"valeur-par-défaut-avec","Valeur par défaut avec ??",[48,926,927,928,931,932,25],{},"L'opérateur ",[22,929,930],{},"??"," donne une valeur de secours quand une variable est absente ou vaut ",[22,933,24],{},[57,935,937],{"className":59,"code":936,"language":61,"meta":62,"style":62},"\u003C?php\n$photo = null;\necho $photo ?? \"image-par-defaut.jpg\"; \u002F\u002F image-par-defaut.jpg\n",[22,938,939,945,955],{"__ignoreMap":62},[66,940,941,943],{"class":68,"line":69},[66,942,73],{"class":72},[66,944,77],{"class":76},[66,946,947,949,951,953],{"class":68,"line":80},[66,948,154],{"class":83},[66,950,87],{"class":72},[66,952,159],{"class":76},[66,954,339],{"class":83},[66,956,957,959,962,964,967,969],{"class":68,"line":101},[66,958,344],{"class":76},[66,960,961],{"class":83}," $photo ",[66,963,930],{"class":72},[66,965,966],{"class":90}," \"image-par-defaut.jpg\"",[66,968,94],{"class":83},[66,970,971],{"class":97},"\u002F\u002F image-par-defaut.jpg\n",[48,973,974],{},"Tu le réutiliseras beaucoup avec les formulaires.",[976,977,978],"tip",{},[48,979,980,981,984],{},"Dans un doute sur le contenu d'une variable, mets un ",[22,982,983],{},"var_dump($variable);"," juste après sa création. C'est le premier outil de débogage de tout développeur PHP.",[10,986,988],{"id":987},"à-retenir","À retenir",[15,990,991,1004,1007,1019,1025,1037],{},[18,992,993,994,35,996,35,998,35,1000,246,1002,25],{},"Une valeur a un type : ",[22,995,195],{},[22,997,210],{},[22,999,225],{},[22,1001,240],{},[22,1003,24],{},[18,1005,1006],{},"Les guillemets doubles remplacent les variables, les simples non ; le point colle deux chaînes.",[18,1008,1009,1010,1013,1014,35,1016,1018],{},"Pour le texte accentué, utilise les fonctions ",[22,1011,1012],{},"mb_"," (",[22,1015,553],{},[22,1017,556],{},").",[18,1020,1021,1022,1024],{},"Compare avec ",[22,1023,603],{}," pour éviter les conversions de type surprenantes.",[18,1026,1027,35,1029,39,1031,1033,1034,1036],{},[22,1028,34],{},[22,1030,744],{},[22,1032,38],{}," choisissent un chemin ; ",[22,1035,42],{}," associe une valeur à un résultat.",[18,1038,1039,1041,1042,25],{},[22,1040,930],{}," fournit une valeur par défaut quand la variable est absente ou 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